Iimveliso
I-Lifecosm AIV/H5 Ag eDityanisiweyo yoVavanyo oluKhawulezayo lweKhithi yovavanyo loxilongo lwezilwanyana
I-AIV/H5 Ag eDityanisiweyo yoVavanyo oluKhawulezayo
| Isishwankathelo | Ukufunyanwa kweAntigen ethile yeAvian Influenza/H5kwimizuzu eli-15 |
| Umgaqo | Inyathelo elinye lovavanyo lwe-immunochromatographic |
| Iinjongo zokuFumana | I-Antigen ye-Avian Influenza/H5 |
| Isampulu | cloaca |
| Ixesha lokufunda | 10 ~ 15 imizuzu |
| Ubungakanani | Ibhokisi ye-1 (ikhithi) = izixhobo ezili-10 (Ukupakishwa komntu ngamnye) |
| Imixholo | Ikhithi yovavanyo, iibhotile zeBuffer, iidropha ezilahlwayo, kunye neeswabs zoMqhaphu |
| Isilumkiso | Sebenzisa phakathi kwemizuzu eyi-10 emva kokuvulaSebenzisa isixa esifanelekileyo sesampulu (0.1 ml yedropha) Sebenzisa emva kwe-15 ~ 30 imizuzu kwi-RT ukuba zigcinwe phantsi kweemeko ezibandayo Thatha iziphumo zovavanyo njengezingasebenziyo emva kwemizuzu eli-10 |
Ulwazi
Umkhuhlane weentaka, owaziwa ngokungekho sikweni njengomkhuhlane weentaka okanye umkhuhlane weentaka, luhlobo lomkhuhlane olubangelwa ziintsholongwane eziziqhelanise neentaka.Uhlobo olunomngcipheko omkhulu ngumkhuhlane weentaka wentaka (HPAI).Umkhuhlane weentaka ufana nomkhuhlane wehagu, umkhuhlane wenja, umkhuhlane wehashe kunye nomkhuhlane womntu njengesigulo esibangelwa ziintsholongwane zomkhuhlane eziziqhelanise nomkhosi othile.Kwiintlobo ezintathu zeentsholongwane zomkhuhlane (A, B, kunye no-C), intsholongwane yomkhuhlane A lusulelo lwe-zoonotic kunye nomthamo wendalo phantse ngokupheleleyo kwiintaka.Umkhuhlane weentaka, ngeenjongo ezininzi, ubhekisa kwintsholongwane yomkhuhlane A.
Nangona umkhuhlane A uqhelene neentaka, unako ukuziqhelanisa nokuzinza kwaye ugcine usulelo lomntu ukuya emntwini.Uphando lwakutsha nje lomkhuhlane kwiijini zentsholongwane yomkhuhlane waseSpain lubonisa ukuba inemizila yemfuza eguqulelwe kuhlobo lwabantu kunye neentaka.Iihagu zingosulelwa ngabantu, i-avian, kunye neentsholongwane zomkhuhlane wehagu, nto leyo evumela imixube yofuzo (i-reassortment) ukudala intsholongwane entsha, enokubangela utshintsho lwe-antigenic kwi-virus entsha yomkhuhlane i-A virus subtype apho uninzi lwabantu lungenalo ukhuselo lomzimba. ukhuselo ngokuchasene.
Iintlobo ze-Avian influenza zihlulwe zibe zimbini iintlobo ngokusekelwe kwi-pathogenicity yazo: i-pathogenicity ephezulu (HP) okanye i-pathogenicity ephantsi (LP).Olona hlobo lwaziwayo lwe-HPAI, i-H5N1, lwaqala lokwahlulwa kwirhanisi elifuywayo kwiPhondo lase-Guangdong, e-China ngo-1996, kwaye likwanohlobo olusezantsi lwe-pathogenic olufumaneka kuMntla Melika.Iintaka ezingamahlakani eziseluvalelweni akunakwenzeka ukuba zosuleleke yile ntsholongwane kwaye akukhange kubekho ngxelo ngeqabane lentaka enomkhuhlane weentaka ukusukela ngo-2003.
Iintlobo ezincinci
Zininzi iindidi zeentsholongwane zomkhuhlane weentaka, kodwa ziintlobo ezithile zeentlobo ezintlanu eziye zaziwa ukuba zosulela abantu: H5N1, H7N3, H7N7, H7N9, kunye ne-H9N2.Ubuncinci umntu omnye, ixhegokazi phakathiIPhondo leJiangxi,eTshayina, wafaukukrala kwemiphungangoDisemba 2013 ukusuka kuxinzelelo lwe-H10N8.Wayengumntu wokuqala ukufa okuqinisekisiweyo ukuba kubangelwa lolo bunzima.
Uninzi lweziganeko zabantu zomkhuhlane weentaka zibangelwa kukuphatha iintaka ezifileyo ezosulelekileyo okanye kukudibana nolwelo olusulelekileyo.Isenokusasazwa kwindawo engcolisekileyo kunye nenkunkuma.Ngelixa uninzi lweentaka zasendle zinendlela encinci yohlobo lwe-H5N1, xa iintaka ezifuywayo ezifana neenkukhu okanye i-turkeys zosulelekile, i-H5N1 ingabulala kakhulu kuba iintaka zihlala zisondelelene.I-H5N1 sisisongelo esikhulu e-Asia kunye neenkukhu ezosulelekileyo ngenxa yeemeko eziphantsi zococeko kunye neendawo ezikufutshane.Nangona kulula ukuba abantu bosuleleke ziintaka, usulelo olusuka emntwini luba nzima ngaphandle kokudibana ixesha elide.Nangona kunjalo, amagosa ezempilo karhulumente axhalabile ukuba iintlobo zomkhuhlane weentaka zinokuguquka ukuze zisuleleke lula phakathi kwabantu.
Ukusasazeka kwe-H5N1 ukusuka e-Asiya ukuya eYurophu kusenokwenzeka ukuba kubangelwa kurhwebo lwenkukhu olusemthethweni nolungekho mthethweni kunokuba lusasazeke ngokufuduka kweentaka zasendle, kuba kuphononongo lwamva nje, kwakungekho ukwanda okwesibini kosulelo e-Asiya xa iintaka zasendle zifudukela emazantsi kwakhona ekuzaleni kwazo. imihlaba.Endaweni yoko, iipateni zosulelo zilandele ezothutho ezinje ngololiwe, iindlela, kunye nemida yelizwe, iphakamisa urhwebo lweenkukhu njengento enokwenzeka kakhulu.Ngelixa bekukho iintlobo zomkhuhlane weentaka ezikhoyo eUnited States, ziye zacinywa kwaye azikaziwa ukuba zisulele abantu.
Imizekelo yomkhuhlane weentaka A iintlobo zentsholongwane
| HA subtype | NA | Iintsholongwane zomkhuhlane weentaka A |
| H1 | N1 | A/idada/Alberta/35/76(I-H1N1) |
| H1 | N8 | A/idada/Alberta/97/77(H1N8) |
| H2 | N9 | A/idada/eJamani/1/72(H2N9) |
| H3 | N8 | A/idada/Ukraine/63(H3N8) |
| H3 | N8 | A/idada/Ngilane/62(H3N8) |
| H3 | N2 | A/turkey/Ngilane/69(H3N2) |
| H4 | N6 | A/idada/Czechoslovakia/56(H4N6) |
| H4 | N3 | A/idada/Alberta/300/77(H4N3) |
| H5 | N3 | A/tern/South Africa/300/77(H4N3) |
| H5 | N4 | A/Ethiopia/300/77(H6N6) |
| H5 | N6 | H5N6 |
| H5 | N8 | H5N8 |
| H5 | N9 | A/turkey/Ontario/7732/66(H5N9) |
| H5 | N1 | A/intshontsho/Skotlani/59(H5N1) |
| H6 | N2 | A/turkey/Massachusetts/3740/65(H6N2) |
| H6 | N8 | A/turkey/Canada/63(H6N8) |
| H6 | N5 | A/shearwater/Australia/72(H6N5) |
| H6 | N1 | A/idada/eJamani/1868/68(H6N1) |
| H7 | N7 | A/intsholongwane yesibetho sentaka/IsiDatshi/27(H7N7) |
| H7 | N1 | A/intshontsho/Brescia/1902(H7N1) |
| H7 | N9 | A/intshontsho/China/2013(H7N9) |
| H7 | N3 | A/turkey/Ngilani/639H7N3) |
| H7 | N1 | A/intsholongwane yesibetho sentaka/iRostock/34(H7N1) |
| H8 | N4 | A/turkey/Ontario/6118/68(H8N4) |
| H9 | N2 | A/turkey/Wisconsin/1/66(H9N2) |
| H9 | N6 | A/idada/Hong Kong/147/77(H9N6) |
| H9 | N7 | A/turkey/Skotlani/70(H9N7) |
| H10 | N8 | A/izagwityi/Itali/1117/65(H10N8) |
| H11 | N6 | A/idada/eNgilani/56(H11N6) |
| H11 | N9 | A/idada/Memphis/546/74(H11N9) |
| H12 | N5 | A/idada/Alberta/60/76/(H12N5) |
| H13 | N6 | A/ngabangaba/Maryland/704/77(H13N6) |
| H14 | N4 | A/idada/Gurjev/263/83(H14N4) |
| H15 | N9 | A/shearwater/Australia/2576/83(H15N9) |
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