Iimveliso
Lifecosm CHW Ag/Anaplasma Ab/E.canis Ab/LSH Ab Ikhithi yoVavanyo
CHW Ag/Anaplasma Ab/E.canis Ab/LSH Ab Ikhithi yoVavanyo lweCanine Heartworm Ag/Anaplasma Ab /Ehrlichia canis Ab/Leishmania Ikiti yovavanyo
| Inombolo yekhathalogu | RC-CF31 |
| Isishwankathelo | Ukufunyanwa kweCanine Dirofilaria immitis antigens, iAnaplasma antibodies, E. canis antibodies kunye neLSH antibodies kwimizuzu eli-10 |
| Umgaqo | Inyathelo elinye lovavanyo lwe-immunochromatographic |
| Iinjongo zokuFumana | CHW Ag : Dirofilaria immitis antigens Anapalsma AbE. canis Ab : E. canis antibodies LSH Ab : L. chagasi, L. infantum, kunye noL. donovani ii-antiboys |
| Isampulu | Igazi elipheleleyo leCanine, iPlasma okanye iSerum |
| Ixesha lokufunda | Imizuzu eli-10 |
| Ubungakanani | Ibhokisi ye-1 (ikhithi) = izixhobo ezili-10 (Ukupakishwa komntu ngamnye) |
| Imixholo | Ikhithi yovavanyo, ibhotile yeBuffer, kunye nedropha eLahlayo |
| Ugcino | Ubushushu beGumbi (ku-2 ~ 30℃) |
| Ukuphelelwa lixesha | Iinyanga ezingama-24 emva kokuveliswa |
| Isilumkiso | Sebenzisa phakathi kwemizuzu eyi-10 emva kokuvulaSebenzisa isixa esifanelekileyo sesampulu (0.01 ml yedropha) Sebenzisa emva kwe-15 ~ 30 imizuzu kwi-RT ukuba zigcinwe phantsi kweemeko ezibandayo Thatha iziphumo zovavanyo njengezingasebenziyo emva kwemizuzu eli-10 |
Ulwazi
Ii-heartworms zabantu abadala zikhula i-intshi ezininzi ubude kwaye zihlala kwimithambo ye-pulmonary apho zinokufumana izondlo ezaneleyo.I-heartworms ngaphakathi kwemithambo ibangela ukuvuvukala kwaye yenze i-hematoma.Intliziyo, ke ngoko, kufuneka impompe rhoqo kunangaphambili njengoko iintshulube zentliziyo zisanda ngenani, zivale imithambo.
Xa usulelo lusiba mandundu (ngaphezu kwama-25 weentshulube zentliziyo kwinja eyi-18 kg), intshulube yentliziyo ingena kwi-atrium yasekunene, ivalele ukuphuma kwegazi.
Xa inani leentliziyo zentliziyo lifikelela ngaphezu kwama-50, banokuhlala
ii-atriums kunye ne-ventricles.
Xa yosulelwe yi-heartworms engaphezu kwe-100 kwindawo elungileyo yentliziyo, inja iphulukana nokusebenza kwentliziyo ize ekugqibeleni ife.Oku kubulalayo
Into ebizwa ngokuba yi "Caval Syndrom".
Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iiparasites, i-heartworms ibeka izinambuzane ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba yi-microfilaria.Imicrofilaria ekwingcongconi ifudukela enjeni xa ingcongconi ifunxa igazi lenja.I-heartworms enokuthi iphile kwi-host iminyaka emi-2 iyafa ukuba ayihambi komnye umkhosi ngelo xesha.Izifunxi-gazi ezihlala kwinja ekhulelweyo zinokosulela usana oluyimbumba.
Ukuhlolwa kwangethuba kwee-heartworms kubaluleke kakhulu ekupheliseni.I-Heartworms idlula kumanyathelo amaninzi afana ne-L1, L2, L3 kuquka nenqanaba losulelo ngengcongconi ukuze ibe yintliziyo yabantu abadala.
IiHeartworms kwingcongconi
I-Microfilaria kwingcongconi ikhula ibe zizifunxi-gazi ze-L2 kunye ne-L3 ezikwazi ukosulela izinja kwiiveki ezininzi.Ukukhula kuxhomekeke kwimozulu.Ubushushu obuncomekayo kwi-parasite bungaphezulu kwe-13.9℃.
Xa ingcongconi enesifo iluma inja, i-microfilaria ye-L3 ingena eluswini lwayo.Kwisikhumba, i-microfilaria ikhula ibe yi-L4 kwiiveki ze-1 ~ 2.Emva kokuhlala eluswini kangangeenyanga ezi-3, i-L4 ikhula ibe yi-L5, ehamba egazini.
I-L5 njengohlobo lwe-heartworm yabantu abadala lungena entliziyweni kunye nemithambo ye-pulmonary apho kwiinyanga ezi-5 ~ 7 kamva ii-heartworms zilala izinambuzane.
Uxilongo
Imbali yesifo kunye nedatha yekliniki yenja egulayo, kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuxilonga kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ekuxilongeni inja.Ngokomzekelo, i-X-ray, i-ultrasound scan, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukufumanisa i-microfilaria kwaye, kwimeko embi kakhulu, i-autopsy iyadingeka.
Ukuhlolwa kweSerum;
Ukufunyanwa kwee-antibodies okanye ii-antigens egazini
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Antigen;
Oku kugxile ekuboneni ii-antigens ezithile zeentliziyo zabantu abadala ababhinqileyo.Uviwo lwenziwa esibhedlele kwaye izinga lokuphumelela liphezulu.Iikiti zovavanyo ezifumanekayo emarikeni ziyilelwe ukufumanisa iintliziyo zabantu abadala abaneenyanga ezisi-7 ~ 8 ukwenzela ukuba iintshulube ezingaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-5 kube nzima ukuzibhaqa.
Unyango
Usulelo lweentshulube zentliziyo lunyangeka ngempumelelo kwiimeko ezininzi.Ukuphelisa zonke iintlungu zentliziyo, ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza yeyona ndlela ilungileyo.Ukufunyaniswa kwangoko kweentshulube zentliziyo kuphakamisa izinga lempumelelo yonyango.Nangona kunjalo, kwinqanaba lokugqibela lokusuleleka, ingxaki ingenzeka, okwenza unyango lube nzima ngakumbi.
Ulwazi
Ibhaktheriya i-Anaplasma phagocytophilum (eyayifudula ingu-Ehrilichia phagocytophila) inokubangela usulelo kwiindidi zezilwanyana ezininzi kuquka nabantu.Esi sifo kwizilwanyana ezetyisayo ezifuywayo sikwabizwa ngokuba yi-tick-borne fever (TBF), kwaye besisaziwa ubuncinci iminyaka engama-200.Iintsholongwane zosapho lwe-Anaplasmataceae ziyi-gram-negative, i-nonmotile, i-coccoid kwi-ellipsoid organisms, ezahlukileyo ngobukhulu ukusuka kwi-0.2 ukuya kwi-2.0um ububanzi.Zizii-aerobes ezinyanzelekileyo, azinayo indlela ye-glycolytic, kwaye zonke zibophelelekile kwi-intracellular parasites.Zonke iintlobo ze-Anaplasma zihlala kwi-membrane-lined vacuoles kwiiseli ze-hematopoietic ezingadalanga okanye ezivuthiweyo ze-mammalian host.I-phagocytophilum yosulela iineutrophils kwaye igama elithi granulocytotropic libhekisa kwiineutrophils ezosulelekileyo.Izinto eziphilayo ezinqabileyo, zifunyenwe kwii-eosinophils.
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Iimpawu
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeklinikhi zeI-canine anaplasmosis ibandakanya umkhuhlane ophezulu, ukukhathala, ukudakumba kunye ne-polyarthritis.Iimpawu ze-neurologic (i-ataxia, ukuxhuzula kunye neentlungu zentamo) nazo zingabonwa.Usulelo lweAnaplasma phagocytophilum alufane lubulale ngaphandle kokuba luntsonkothile lolunye usulelo.Ilahleko ethe ngqo, iimeko zokukhubazeka kunye nelahleko yemveliso ibonwe kumatakane.Ukuqhomfa kunye nokukhubazeka kwe-spermatogenesis kwiigusha kunye neenkomo zirekhodwe.Ubunzima bosulelo buphenjelelwa zizinto ezininzi, ezifana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-Anaplasma phagocytophilum ezibandakanyekayo, ezinye iintsholongwane, ubudala, isimo somzimba kunye nemeko yomkhosi, kunye nezinto ezifana nemozulu kunye nolawulo.Kufuneka kukhankanywe ukuba ukubonakaliswa kweklinikhi ebantwini ukusuka kwisifo esingenasiphelo esifana nomkhuhlane, ukuya kwisifo esisongela ubomi.Nangona kunjalo, uninzi losulelo lwabantu lunokubangela ukubonakaliswa okuncinci okanye akukho kliniki.
Ugqithiso
I-Anaplasma phagocytophilum isasazwa ngamakhalane e-ixodid.EUnited States awona magciwane aphambili yi-Ixodes scapularis kunye ne-Ixodes pacificus, ngoxa i-Ixode ricinus iye yafunyaniswa njengeyona nto iphambili yokuphuma kwamanye amazwe eYurophu.I-Anaplasma phagocytophilum isasazwa ngokusasazwa ngala makhalane we-vector, kwaye akukho bungqina bokudluliselwa kwe-transovarial.Uninzi lwamaphononongo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku oluphande ngokubaluleka kwenginginya yezilwanyana ezanyisayo ze-A. phagocytophilum kunye nezilwanyana zamakhalane zayo zigxile kwiimpuku kodwa le ntsholongwane inoluhlu olubanzi lwezilwanyana ezanyisayo, ezosulela iikati ezifuywayo, izinja, iigusha, iinkomo, kunye namahashe.
Uxilongo
I-Indirect immunofluorescence assay luvavanyo oluphambili olusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa usulelo.Iisampulu zeserum ezibukhali kunye nenqanaba lokuthomalalisa zinokuvavanywa ukujonga utshintsho oluphindwe kane kwi-antibody titer ukuya kwi-Anaplasma phagocytophilum.I-intracellular inclusions (i-morulea) ibonwa kwi-granulocytes kwi-Wright okanye kwi-Gimsa ene-smears yegazi.Iindlela zePolymerase chain reaction (PCR) zisetyenziselwa ukubona iAnaplasma phagocytophilum DNA.
Uthintelo
Akukho sitofu sikhoyo sokuthintela usulelo lwe-Anaplasma phagocytophilum.Uthintelo luxhomekeke ekutyhilekeni kwi-tick vector (i-Ixodes scapularis, i-Ixodes pacificus, kunye ne-Ixode ricinus) ukusuka entwasahlobo ukuya ekwindla, ukusetyenziswa kwe-prophylatic ye-antiacaricides, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-prophylactic ye-doxycycline okanye i-tetracycline xa undwendwela i-Ixodes scapularis, i-Ixodes pacidecinus-tick-tick, kunye imimandla egqubayo.
Ulwazi
I-Ehrlichia canis sisifunxi-gazi esincinane esimile okwentonga esisasazwa likhalane lenja emdaka, iRhipicephalus sanguineus.E. canis yimbangela ye-classical ehrlichiosis kwizinja.Izinja zingosulelwa zii-Ehrlichia spp ezininzi.kodwa eyona ixhaphakileyo eyenza icanine ehrlichiosis yi-E. canis.
I-E. canis ngoku yaziwa ukuba isasazeke kulo lonke elase-United States, eYurophu, eMzantsi Melika, e-Asia nakwiMeditera.
Izinja ezosulelekileyo ezinganyangwayo zinokuba ngabathwali besifo iminyaka kwaye ekugqibeleni zife ngenxa yokopha okukhulu.
Iimpawu
Usulelo lwe-Ehrlichia canis kwizinja luhlulwe lube ngamanqanaba ama-3;
ISIGABA ESIQINISEKILEYO: Esi siqhelo sisigaba esithambileyo kakhulu.Inja ayiyi kuba naludwe, ingabikho ekutyeni, kwaye inokuba ne-lymph nodes eyandisiweyo.Kusenokubakho umkhuhlane ngokunjalo kodwa kunqabile ukuba esi sigaba sibulale inja.Uninzi luyayicoca ngokwalo into ephilayo kodwa abanye baya kudlulela kwinqanaba elilandelayo.
ISIGABA ESIPHAMBILI: Kwesi sigaba, inja ibonakala iqhelekile.I-organism i-sequestered kwi-spleen kwaye ngokuyimfuneko ifihlakele apho.
ISIGABA ESINGAPHELIYO: Kwesi sigaba inja iphinda igule.Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60% yezinja ezosulelwe yi-E. canis ziyakopha ngokungaqhelekanga ngenxa yokuhla kwamanani eeplatelet.Ukuvuvukala okunzulu emehlweni okubizwa ngokuba yi-"uveitis" kunokuthi kwenzeke ngenxa yokuvuselela umzimba ixesha elide.Iimpembelelo ze-Neurologic nazo zingabonwa.
Ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango
Ukuxilongwa okuqinisekileyo kwe-Ehrlichia canis kufuna ukubonwa kwe-morula ngaphakathi kwe-monocytes kwi-cytology, ukufunyanwa kwe-E. canis serum antibodies kunye novavanyo lwe-antibody olungathanga ngqo lwe-immunofluorescence (IFA), i-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) yokukhulisa, kunye / okanye i-gel blotting (i-Western immunoblotting).
Eyona nto iphambili yokuthintela i-canine ehrlichiosis kulawulo lwamakhalane.Ichiza elikhethiweyo lonyango kuzo zonke iintlobo ze-ehrlichiosis yi-doxycycline ubuncinane inyanga enye.Kufuneka kubekho ukuphucuka okumangalisayo kweklinikhi kwiiyure ezingama-24-48 emva kokuqalwa konyango kwizinja ezinenqanaba elibukhali okanye isifo esingapheliyo.Ngeli xesha, izibalo zeplatelet ziqala ukunyuka kwaye kufuneka zibe yinto eqhelekileyo phakathi kweentsuku ezili-14 emva kokuqaliswa konyango.
Emva kosulelo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uphinde wosuleleke;ukugonyeka akuhlali emva kosulelo lwangaphambili.
Uthintelo
Olona thintelo lungcono lwe-ehrlichiosis kukugcina izinja zingenamakhalane.Oku kufuneka kuquke ukukhangela ulusu imihla ngemihla malunga namakhalane kunye nokunyanga izinja ngolawulo lwamakhalane.Ekubeni amakhalane ephethe ezinye izifo eziyingozi, ezifana nesifo seLyme, i-anaplasmosis kunye ne-Rocky Mountain spotted fever, kubalulekile ukugcina izinja zingenawo amakhalane.
Ulwazi
I-Leishmaniasis sisifo esiyingozi kakhulu kwaye siyingozi ebantwini, iimazi kunye neekati.I-arhente ye-leishmaniasis yi-protozoan parasite kwaye iyinxalenye ye-leishmania donovani complex.Esi sifunxi-gazi sisasazwa kakhulu kumazwe apholileyo nasezantsi kweYurophu, eAfrika, eAsia, eMzantsi Melika nakuMbindi Merika.I-Leishmania donovani infantum (L. infantum) ijongene nesifo se-feline kunye ne-canine kuMzantsi Yurophu, e-Afrika, nase-Asia.I-Canine Leishmaniasis sisifo esiqhubekayo esiqhubekayo.Ayizizo zonke izinja ezihlakulela isifo seklinikhi emva kokugonywa kunye ne-parasites.Ukuphuhliswa kwesifo seklinikhi kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwempendulo ye-immune eyenziwa yisilwanyana ngasinye
ngokuchasene nezifunxi-gazi.
Iimpawu
KwiCanine
Zombini ukubonakaliswa kwe-visceral kunye ne-cutaneous kunokufunyanwa ngaxeshanye ezinjeni;ngokungafaniyo nabantu, ii-syndromes ezihlukeneyo ze-cutaneous kunye ne-visceral azibonakali.Iimpawu zeklinikhi ziyaguquguquka kwaye zinokuxelisa olunye usulelo.Usulelo olungenazimpawu lunokwenzeka nalo.Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-visceral zingabandakanya umkhuhlane (onokuthi ube ngamaxesha), i-anemia, i-lymphadenopathy, i-splenomegaly, i-lethargy, ukunciphisa ukunyamezela umthambo, ukunciphisa umzimba, kunye nokuncipha kokutya.Iimpawu ze-visceral eziqhelekileyo ziquka urhudo, ukuhlanza, i-melena, i-glomerulonephritis, ukungasebenzi kwesibindi, i-epistaxis, i-polyuria-polydipsia, ukuthimla, ukuqhwalela (ngenxa ye-polyarthritis okanye i-myositis), i-ascites, kunye ne-colitis engapheliyo.
KwiFeline
Iikati azifane zosuleleke.Kwiikati ezininzi ezosulelekileyo, izilonda zikhawulelwe kwizilonda ze-cutaneous, zihlala zifumaneka emlonyeni, impumlo, iinkophe, okanye i-pinnae.Izilonda zeVisceral kunye neempawu zinqabile.
Umnqa wobomi
Umjikelo wobomi uqukunjelwa kwimikhosi emibini.I-vertebrate host kunye ne-invertebrate host (impukane yesanti).Impukane yesanti yemazi itya kwi-vertebrate host kunyeidla amastigotes.I-promastigotes ene-Flallelated ikhula kwinambuzane.Iipromastigotes zitofwa kwi-vertebrate host ngexesha lokutyisa i-sandfly.I-promastigotes ikhula ibe yi-amastigotes kwaye iphindaphindeka ngokuyinhloko kwi-macrophages.Ukuphindaphinda ngaphakathi kwe-macrophages yolusu, i-mucosa kunye ne-viscera, kubangela i-cutaneous, i-mucosal kunye ne-visceral leishmaniasis ngokulandelanayo.
Uxilongo
Ezinjeni, i-leishmaniasis idla ngokufunyaniswa ngokujongwa ngokuthe ngqo kwezifunxi-gazi, kusetyenziswa i-Giemsa okanye amabala akhawulezayo obunikazi, kwii-smears ezivela kwi-lymph node, i-spleen, okanye i-bone marrow aspirates, i-tissue biopsies, okanye i-scrapings yesikhumba kwizilonda.Izinto eziphilayo zinokufunyanwa kwizilonda zamehlo, ngakumbi kwiigranulomas.I-amastigotes ingqukuva ukuya kwi-oval parasites, kunye ne-basophilic nucleus engqukuva kunye ne-kinetoplast encinci efana nentonga.Zifumaneka kwii-macrophages okanye zikhululwe kwiiseli eziqhekekileyo.Iinkqubo ze-Immunohistochemistry kunye ne-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) nazo ziyasetyenziswa.
Uthintelo
Amachiza asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo: I-Meglumine Antimoniate ehambelana ne-Allopurinol, i-Aminosidine, kwaye kutshanje, i-Amphotericin B. Zonke ezi ziyobisi zifuna i-regimen ye-dose eninzi, kwaye oku kuya kuxhomekeka kwimeko yesigulane kunye nentsebenziswano yomnini.Kucetyiswa ukuba unyango lwesondlo kufuneka lugcinwe kunye ne-allopurinol, kuba akunakwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinja aziyi kuphinda zibuyele ukuba unyango luyayekwa.Ukusetyenziswa kweekhola eziqulethe amayeza okubulala izinambuzane, iishampoos okanye izitshizi ezisebenzayo ukukhusela izinja ekulunyweni kwesanti kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokuqhubekayo kuzo zonke izigulana eziphantsi konyango.Ulawulo lwe-vector yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zolawulo lwezifo.
I-sandfly isesichengeni sokubulala izinambuzane ezifanayo ne-malariya vector.
